The fourth Foundation Stone of New Jerusalem.

According to the Encyclopedia Judaica, the Hebrew word for emerald is most likely ‘bareket’, which is the third stone in the first row of the Aaron’s ‘Breastplate of Judgement.’ Most Greek versions translate ‘bareket’ as ‘smaragdos.’ Emeralds are the valuable and highly prized grassy-green variety of beryl. Beryl is the true name of several very important gemstones, yet a term not often used. The best known beryl are the emerald (grass green in color), and the aquamarine (blue-green).

Emeralds were well known among the people of the Biblical times. One of the earliest known sources of emeralds were mines located near the Red Sea in Egypt. There is evidence that these mines were in operation as early as 1650 BC (the time that the Hebrew people would have been in Egypt). Later these mines became known as Cleopatra’s Mines, who was quite fond of emeralds and was reported to wear them to enhance her beauty. Emeralds were engraved with her likeness and given as gifts to her guests. The word emerald comes from the Greek word ‘smaragdos’ by way of the French word for emerald ‘esmeralde’ and simply means ‘green gemstone.’ Today the largest and finest emeralds come from Colombia, and that country produces some of the most vivid and brightly colored stones. Other countries supply fine emeralds, too - Zambia, Brazil, Russia, Pakistan and Zimbabwe. Prices for fine quality emeralds can exceed the value of diamonds. A top quality Emerald would contain only a few small inclusions not visible to the naked eye. All emeralds do contain some inclusions, which are caused by mica, pyrite, calcite, or other minerals.

Emerald boasts a great deal of folklore. It was used as a burnt offering, a symbol of St. John, and supposedly was a poison antidote, a cure for fevers and epilepsy, eye relief (due to the exceptional color), a cure for dysentery and leprosy, a cure for ophthalmia and bleeding, a cure for stomach problems (when laid on the stomach), and a good laxative. For Taurus, wearing an emerald will insure loyalty, and improve memory. It is the symbol for immortality and the symbolization of faith. Emeralds are green, and green is symbolic of Spring, so it was natural that ancient people believed that the emerald symbolizes rebirth and love. It is said that emerald is a major source of healing energy, promotes balance and harmony, as well as increases intellect and creativity. It is still often used to treat cancer as well as support other therapies.

One of the earliest writers to associate with the apostles the symbolism of the gems given in Revelations is by Andreas, bishop of Caesurae. He gives a brief description of the stones, which is recounted in George F. Kunz's book ‘The Curious Lore of Precious Stones’ (1913). The emerald signifies St. John the Evangelist.